Friday, 19 January 2018

COVERING FOR REINFORCEMENT OF CONCRETE

FOOTING  REINFORCEMENT COVER  




To provide 50 mm  cover block for  footing. 


COLUMN  REINFORCEMENT COVER 


To provide 30 mm  cover block for column.

BEAM  REINFORCEMENT COVER




 To provide 25 - 40 mm  cover block for beam.

SLAB REINFORCEMENT COVER



  To provide 20 - 25 mm  cover block for beam.


WALL REINFORCEMENT COVER 


  To provide 20 mm  cover block for wall.


GROUND SLAB REINFORCEMENT COVER



  To provide 30 mm  cover block for ground slab.

GROUND BEAM REINFORCEMENT COVER



  To provide 25 - 30 mm  cover block for ground slab.



FOR MORE INFORMATION
👇  
http://civiltechnohunters.blogspot.in/2018/01/cover-to-reinforcement.html



Thursday, 18 January 2018

AREA CALCULATION IN AREA SURVEYING

FIELD  AREA MEASUREMENT  



 SQUARE 

Area = A X A

        =  3 X 3

  =  9

TRIANGLE


Area = 1//2  X H X L

         = 0.5  X 10 X 7

                                                                          = 35
               

                                                                       RECTANGULAR  
Area =  A X B

        = 10 X 5

  = 50



TRAPEZOIDAL

Area = 1/2 X H X ( B1+B )

          = 0.5 X 10 X  ( 5 + 8 )

                                                                        = 65


HERONIAN TRIANGLE

S = A + B + C /2
    = 10 +7 +15 / 2
                                                                         =  24.5 



Wednesday, 17 January 2018

CONCRETE GRADE DESIGATION

                                                                                   




CONCRETE GRADE N/mm²


USAGE

M10


Blinding concrete

M15


Mass concrete

M20


Light reinforcement concrete /pre-cast

M25


Reinforcement concrete /pre-cast

M30

Heavy reinforcement concrete /pre-cast concrete /pre-cast

M35


Pre-stressed/ pre-cast

M40
Very Heavy reinforcement concrete /pre-cast / Pre-stressed

Sunday, 14 January 2018

DERIVATION OF WEIGHT OF STEEL


                                                 
     

           Density  = Mass/Volume
           Density of Steel = 7850 Kg/m³
           And Volume of Steel = 𝛑D²L/4

           D- Diameter of Bar in mm
           L- length off bar in meter



note :- since diameter of bar in mm and length in meter,multiply L with 1000.

so,
             7850 =  Mass*4*1000/𝛑D²L
              Implies, mass = (7850*𝛑D²L)/(4*1000)

Hence,
                           

  Mass  =  D²L/162. pre m.

video


                                                                    


Friday, 12 January 2018

SHAPE FACTOR FOR DIFFERENT SECTION

                   


                     

Section

Shape Factor

Rectangle

1.5

Circle

1.698

Diamond

2.0

Tube

1.27

             Symmetric  I Section

1.133

Wednesday, 10 January 2018

GENERAL CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL


  • CEMENT
  • SAND
  • M-SAND
  • AGGREGATE
  • RED-BRICK
  • FLY ASH  BRICK

CEMENT
STETTING TIME OF CEMENT
  • The initial setting time of cement is 30 minutes.
  • The Final Setting Time is 600 minutes (10 HOURS).

SAND

  • Organic impurities test – this test is conducted at the field, for every 20 cum or part thereof.
  • Silt content test – this is also a field test and to be conducted for every 20 cum.
  • Particle size distribution – this test can be conducted at site or in laboratory for every 40 cum of sand.
  • Bulking of sand – this test is conducted at site for every 20 cum of sand. Based on bulking of sand, suitable water cement ratio is calculated for concrete at site.
  • Organic impurities test – this test is conducted at the field, for every 20 cum or part thereof.
  • Silt content test – this is also a field test and to be conducted for every 20 cum.
  • Particle size distribution – this test can be conducted at site or in laboratory for every 40 cum of sand.
  • Bulking of sand – this test is conducted at site for every 20 cum of sand. Based on bulking of sand, suitable water cement ratio is calculated for concrete at site.

M-SAND



  • M-Sand is obtained from specific hard rock (granite) using the state-of-the-art International technology, thus the required property of sand is obtained.
  • It does not have the presence of impurities such as clay, dust and silt coatings, increase water requirement as in the case of river sand which impair bond between cement paste and aggregate. Thus, increased quality and durability of concrete.
AGGREGATE


  • Aggregates are used for foundations and concretes in 20mm & 40mm.
Aggregates Test
  • Crushing test
  • Abrasion test
  • Impact test
  • Soundness test
  • Shape test
  • Specific gravity and water absorption test

RED-BRICK




Standard brick size consists length x breadth x height as 19cm x 9cm x 9cm.
Brick Test

  • Absorption test
  • Crushing strength test
  • Hardness test
  • Shape and size
  • Color test
  • Soundness test
  • Structure of brick
FLY ASH  BRICK



 Dimension of fly ash brick 230 mm X 110 mm X 70 mm.
  • The colour of fly ash brick is same as the manufacturing is carried out using machinery in controlled condition.
  • Uniform in shape and smooth in finish as the manufacturing is carried out using machinery
  • Fly ash brick are lighter as the main composition is fly ash.
  • Fly ash bricks are less porous
  • The cost of fly ash brick is approximate 30%lower than clay brick. 

Monday, 8 January 2018

UNIT WEIGHT OR DENSITY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

 Construction Materials
Density (Kg/m3)
WATER
1000
Clay soil
1900
Gravel soil
2000
Sandstone
2000
Silt
2100
Chalk
2100
Shale
2500
Sedimentary rocks
2600
Metamorphic rocks
2700
Igneous rocks 
2700
Igneous rocks 
3000
Bricks
1500-1800
Asphalt
721
Cement
1440
Cement mortar
2080
Lime
640
Lime mortar
1760
Concrete (P.C.C)
2400
Concrete (R.C.C)
2500
Steel
7850
Stainless steel
7480 – 8000
Aluminium
2739
Magnesium
1738
Cobalt
8746
Nickel
8908
Tin
7280
Lead
11340
Zinc
7135
Cast iron
7208
Copper
8940
Iron
7850
Glass
2580


BOUNDARY STONE எல்லை கல்(or) அத்து கல்

BOUNDARY STONE

BOUNDARY  STONE   சர்வே  கல் ,  எல்லை கல்(or) அத்து கல் Boundary stone shows the boundary of land . எல்லை க்  கல்     (or) அத்து கல்    நிலத...